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if虚拟语气 if虚拟语气的用法归纳

来源:择校网   时间:2024-12-27 23:44:03

一、if的虚拟语气用法

1、if的虚拟语气用法分为三种:对过去语气的虚拟,对现在语气的虚拟,对未来语气的虚拟。if虚拟语气的基本准则就是把时态向前推一次。

2、对过去语气的虚拟:主句would/could/should/might have done,从句if 主语 had done

3、对现在语气的虚拟:主句would/could/should/might do,从句if 主语 was/were

4、对将来语气的虚拟:主句would/could/should/might do,从句if should do/if were to do/if was/were

5、掌握好虚拟语气的用法对高中的学习生活有很大用处。

6、例:If I were a bird,I would fly above the ocean. If I were to obtain the gift,I would appreciate it a lot.

二、if虚拟语气的用法归纳

一、表示与现在事实相反的情况:

1、从句:If主语过去时(Be动词用were)。

2、主句:主语 should/would/could/might do。

(1)If I were you,I would take an umbrella.

如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)。

(2)If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.

如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)。

(3)If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.

如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)。

二、表示与过去事实相反的情况:

2、主句:主语should/would/could/might have done。

(1)If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.

如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)。

(2)If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)。

三、表示对将来情况的主观推测主句:

(2)if主语:should/would/could/might do。

(3)if主语:did(动词过去式)/were。

(1)If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.

如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)。

(2)If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.

如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:下雪可能性很小)。

四、有时虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。

1、从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

(1)If I had worked hard at school,I would be anengineer,too.

如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了。

(2)If they had informed us,we would not come here now.

如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。

3、从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符,如:

(1)If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.

如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。

(2)If he knew her,he would have greeted her.

要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。

五、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were、should、had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were、should、had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语,如:

(1)Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.

要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。

(2)Were she here,she would agree with us.

如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。

(3)Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.

如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。

三、if虚拟语气的三种时态是什么

条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could 动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。

If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town.

如果我是你,我会选择在小城镇工作。(事实上我不是你)

注意:在条件从句中,如果谓语动词是be的形式,不管主语是单数还是复数,书面语中用were,而口语中如果是单数,也可以用was,不过在if I were...中一般用were.

条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主语用“would/could/should/might have 动词的过去分词”形式。

If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.

如果昨天没有你的帮助,我不会赶上公交车。(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我,所以我赶上了车)

在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do的可能性最小。

If things were to be twice,all would be wise.

假如凡事都可以重新做一次,人人皆可成为聪明人。(事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)

注意:在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had或 should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。

有些条件句的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致,这类句子称为错综时间条件句。

If you had taken my advice then,you would not be in trouble now.

如果当时听我的劝,你现在就不会有麻烦了。(if条件句是对过去的虚拟,故用过去完成时,而主句是对现在的虚拟,故用“would 动词原形”形式)

有些句子虽不含条件从句,但意思和条件句相差不多,这种句子称为“含蓄条件句”,这种句子有时候会用虚拟语气。

如: Without air(If there were notair), there would be no living things.

But for your help(If it ha dn'tbeen for your help) I couldn't have don e it.

四、虚拟语气if的三种用法

If引导的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气:

主句:would/could/might/should have done

If I had read the book,I would have told you about it.

如果我读了这本书,我就会告诉你了。

从句:would/could/might/should do

If he studied at this school,he would know the environment around the school very much.

如果他在这所学校学习的话,他会很了解周边环境。

主句:would/could/might/should do

If he should go to Harvard University,he would make full use of his time.

如果他要上哈佛大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了。

1、if作为连词,引导条件状语从句,表示“假如,如果”等。在复合句中如果主句用将来时,则if引导的状语从句用一般现在时。

eg:If it rains(从句),I will stay at home(主句)。

=I will stay at home if it rains.

He will come if you invite him.

2、主句含有情态动词(must、may、can etc.)从句为一般现在时。

eg:If you drive too fast,you may have an accident.

=You may have an accident if you drive too fast.

五、虚拟语气if的三种用法分别是什么

1、对将来情况的虚拟:在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do的可能性最小。

2、对现在情况的虚拟:条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could 动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。

3、对过去情况的虚拟:条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主语用“would/could/should/might have 动词的过去分词”形式。

if的用法:表示条件,意思是如果;表示虚拟,意思是假如;表示是否的含义,和whether相同用法,连接宾语从句。

1、(表示条件)如果,主句用将来时,if从句用现在时表示将来

时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,它的基本特点是时态退后,同现在事实相反的假设。

if虚拟语气的介绍就聊到这里吧,感谢你花时间阅读本站内容,更多关于if虚拟语气的用法归纳、if虚拟语气的信息别忘了在本站进行查找哦。

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