众议员 英文？英语翻译上议院

一、英语翻译上议院***下议院***参议院***众议院

上议院：the House of Lords

下议院：the House of Commons

参议院：the House of Councilors

众议院：the House of Representatives

英国议会：the Parliament of the United Kingdom

美国国会：U.S. Congress/Congress，United States

扩展资料：

英国议会（THE PARLIAMENT OF UNITED KINGDOM）又称威斯敏斯特议会，是英国的最高立法机关，是英国政治的中心舞台。政府从议会中产生，并对其负责。国会为两院制，英国议会由上院（HOUSE OF LORDS）（贵族院）、下院（平民院）（HOUSE OF COMMONS）和国王共同组成，行使国家的最高立法权。

英国议会创建于13世纪，迄今已有700多年的历史，被称为“议会之母”。自有议会以来，通常在伦敦的一座古老的建筑——威斯敏斯特宫（议会大厦）举行会议。每年开会两次，第一会期从3月末开始，到8月初结束，第二会期从10月底开始，到12月圣诞节前结束。

美国国会（Congress，United States）是行使立法权（legislative authority）的地方。美国国会是联邦最高立法机构，由参议院和众议院组成，每两年为一届。国会两院在各自议长主持下工作。众议院议长由全院大会选举产生，副总统是参议院的当任议长。两院都设有许多委员会，还设有由两院议员共同组成的联席委员会，国会工作大多在各委员会中进行。

参考资料：

百度百科-英国议会

百度百科-美国国会

二、美国宪法英文版

Preamble

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

序言

我们美利坚合众国的人民，为了组织一个更完善的联邦，树立正义，保障国内的安宁，建立共同的国防，增进全民福利和确保我们自己及我们后代能安享自由带来的幸福，乃为美利坚合众国制定和确立这一部宪法。 Article I

Section 1- Legislative powers; in whom vested

All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.第一条

第一款本宪法所规定的立法权，全属合众国的国会，国会由一个参议院和一个众议院组成。 Section 2- House of Representatives, how and by whom chosen Qualifications of a Representative. Representatives and direct taxes, how apportioned. Enumeration. Vacancies to be filled. Power of choosing officers, and of impeachment.

1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the elector in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.众议院应由各州人民每两年选举一次之议员组成，各州选举人应具有该州州议会中人数最多之一院的选举人所需之资格。

2. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

凡年龄未满二十五岁，或取得合众国公民资格未满七年，或于某州当选而并非该州居民者，均不得任众议员。

3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.(The previous sentence was superceded by Amendment XIV，前面语句已由宪法修正案XIV替代). The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.众议员人数及直接税税额，应按联邦所辖各州的人口数目比例分配，此项人口数目的计算法，应在全体自由人民－－包括订有契约的短期仆役，但不包括末被课税的印第安人－－数目之外，再加上所有其他人口之五分之三。实际人口调查，应于合众国国会第一次会议后三年内举行，并于其后每十年举行一次，其调查方法另以法律规定之。众议员的数目，不得超过每三万人口有众议员一人，但每州至少应有众议员一人，在举行人囗调查以前，各州得按照下列数目选举众议员:新罕布什尔三人、马萨诸塞八人、罗德岛及普罗维登斯垦殖区一人、康涅狄格五人、纽约州六人．新泽西四人、宾夕法尼亚八人、特拉华一人、马里兰六人、弗吉尼亚十人、北卡罗来纳五人、南卡罗来纳五人、乔治亚三人。

4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

任何一州的众议员有缺额时，该州的行政长官应颁选举令，选出众议员以补充缺额。

5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

众议院应选举该除议长及其他官员，只有众议院具有提出弹劾案的权力。

Section 3- Senators, how and by whom chosen. How classified. State Executive, when to make temporary appointments, in case, etc. Qualifications of a Senator. President of the Senate, his right to vote. President pro tem., and other officers of the Senate, how chosen. Power to try impeachments. When President is tried, Chief Justice to preside. Sentence.

1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State,for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.

合众国的参议院由每州选举两名参议员组成之，参议员的任期为六年，每名参议员有一票表决权。

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.(The words in italics were superceded by Amendment XVII)

合众国的参议院由每州的州议会选举两名参议员组成之，参议员的任期为六年，每名参议员有一票表决权。参议员于第一次选举后举行会议之时，应当立即尽量均等地分成三组。第一组参议员的任期，到第二年年终时届满，第二组到第四年年终时届满，第三组到第六年年终时届满，俾使每两年有三分之一的参议员改选，如果在某州州议会休会期间，有参议员因辞职或其它原因出缺，该州的行政长官得任命临时参议员，等到州议会下次集会时，再予选举补缺（宪法修正案XVII对本条款做了部分修改）。

3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

凡年龄未满三十岁，或取得合众国公民资格未满九年，或于某州当选而并非该州居民者，均不得任参议员

4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.

合众国副总统应为参议院议长，除非在投票票数相等时，议长无投票权。

5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of the President of the United States.参议院应选举该院的其他官员，在副总统缺席或执行合众国总统职务时，还应选举临时议长。 6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.

所有弹劾案，只有参议院有权审理。在开庭审理弹劾案时，参议员们均应宣誓或誓愿。如受审者为合众国总统，则应由最高法院首席大法官担任主席，在末得出席的参议员的三分之二的同意时，任何人不得被判有罪。

7. Judgement in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgement and punishment, according to law.弹劾案的判决，不得超过免职及取消其担任合众国政府任何有荣誉、有责任或有俸禄的职位之资格，但被判处者仍须服从另据法律所作之控诉、审讯、判决及惩罚。

Section 4- Times, etc., of holding elections, how prescribed. One session in each year.

1. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.各州州议会应规定本州参议员及众议员之选举时间、地点及程序，但国会得随时以法律制定或变更此种规定，惟有选举议员的地点不在此例。

2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December,(The words in italics were superceded by Amendment XX，宪法修正案对此有修改) unless they by law appoint a different day.国会应至少每年集会一次，开会日期应为十二月的第一个星期一，除非他们通过法律来指定另一个日期。

Section 5- Membership, Quorum, Adjournments, Rules, Power to punish or expel. Journal. Time of adjournments, how limited, etc.

1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each House may provide.参众两院应各自审查本院的选举、选举结果报告和本院议员的资格，每院议员过半数即构成可以议事的法定人数，不足法定人数时，可以一天推一天地延期开会，并有权依照各该议院所规定的程序和罚则，强迫缺席的议员出席。

2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.参众两院得各自规定本院的议事规则，处罚本院扰乱秩序的议员，并且得以三分之二的同意，开除本院的议员。

三、国会、参议院、众议院有什么区别

美国的国会、参议院和众议院是什么，三者有何关系？

首先，我们来看美国国会。根据美国宪法第一条第一款：本宪法授予的全部立法权，属于由参议院和众议院组成的合众国国会。

美国国会是美国联邦政府中最重要的一环，掌握三权中的最重要的权力，立法权。从美国宪法实施以来的绝大多数时间中，国会在美国政治中一直居于主导地位，只是到了二十世纪二十年代以后，随着政治经济社会的发展，以及美国国际地位的提高，总统及行政部门的权力扩大，特别是二战以后，总统成为美国政治中心，但国会仍在美国政治决策中占重要地位，而且从对行政部分的监督和制约来看，美国国会是世界各国中最强有力的立法部门之一。

另外，有个小知识，就是美国国会英文是Congress，而不用英国议会的英文Parliament，这其实体现了美国立宪者们表明美国与英国君主立宪制的区别而特意采用的。

其次，上面美国宪法第一条第一款已经很明确的表明，美国国会实行两院制，即美国国会是由参议院和众议院组成。换言之，参议院和众议院是美国国会组成部分。比较而言，美国参众两院具有平等的宪法权力和地位。美国国会两院都有权创制法案和审议对方的法案。只是在某些方面各有自己的不同权限。例如，一切有关财政的法案，如税收、拨款等法案，由众议院提出，参议院复议和修改。总统与外国缔结的条约和任命联邦高级官员则须经参议院审议批准。

除此之外，其他方面的一切法案，两院均有提出权和互相审议权，即立法权由两院共同行使，任何一院通过的法案必须送交另一院通过，任何一院对另一院通过的法案都拥有绝对的否决权。两院通过的文本如果发生分歧，只能通过协商；两院同等数量的议员组成协商委员会，提出妥协方案经两院通过。

其三，美国国会为什么实行两院制呢？（1）这是现实政治的需要，是妥协的结果。在制宪会议上出现了大州与小州之间的利益冲突，以及由此产生的国会代表权问题。最终采用了康涅狄格州代表提出的妥协方案，即大州接受参议院的平等代表权，换取小州对众议院人口比例代表权的同意。（2）体现了联邦制原则。在联邦制原则下，因为中央政府与州政府实行分权，公民即属于他们居住的州，又属于美国联邦。

为使联邦国会体现这一代表制原则，只能实行两院制，才能与联邦制原则相适应。参议院体现了美国联邦制中的州的权利，而众议院体现了联邦的权力，这个说法虽然不是很恰当，但却反映联邦制的特点。（3）有利于平衡保守倾向和激进倾向。每两年众议员全部改选，参议员只改选1/3，由于参议院任期更长，因而两院在构成上，参议院更迭较小，比较稳定，比较有连续性，而众议院则新人较多，带来的新见解、新观点也较多。所以，在美国历史上，参议院往往比众议院保守，改革议案在众议院通过后，往往在参议院搁浅，或被长时间拖延。而宪法规定一项立法须经两院通过才能成为法律，这一立法程序能够制约两种倾向，迫使双方都作出一定让步，使得法律较为稳妥。

最后，虽然参众两院都属于美国国会，但他们之间的差别也不小。（1）最明显的差别是规模上的差别。参议院参议员来自50个州，为数100名。而众议院中有各州众议院议员435名，以及华盛顿特区、关岛、美属维尔京群岛、美属萨摩亚、波多黎各及北马里亚纳群岛的无投票权代表。（2）参议院通常允许针对所有问题进行无限制的演讲，但是也允许参议员通过投票来终止冗长的辩论。众议院有专门的法案委员会，对几乎每个提案的讨论都加以时间限制。这使得众议院在机构比参议院更加庞大的情况下仍旧可以以比参议院更快的速度通过议案。（3）因为数目原因，参议员通常比众议员具有更多的媒体曝光度，以及在政党内具有更高的地位，而众议员则可能逐渐成为制定某个方面的政策的专家，例如财务、税务、环境或者教育政策等。

好了，文章到这里就结束啦，如果本次分享的众议员 英文和英语翻译上议院问题对您有所帮助，还望关注下本站哦！

标签：大家  狠狠  摩尔